Is a complex, well-orchestrated, and overlapping series of events from the time of initial tissue injury toward wound closure. In the case of acute wounds, the process is highly coordinated phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. However, the wound-healing cascade may be arrested in any of these phases, leading to the formation of a chronic non-healing wound.
That may be due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors that failed to support the process leading to chronicity or a hard healing state.
Phase 1 – Hemostasis:
Acute wounds cause vascular injury and bleeding from the wound, and the immediate priority is to prevent blood loss by vasoconstriction and the formation of a blood clot to seal the vessel. The coagulation and complement cascades are then initiated to form fibrin which is the clot.
Phase 2 – Inflammation:
The phase where the aid of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes are in action to combat the infectious process.
Phase 3 – Proliferation:
Granulation tissue has formed. It is a dense conglomeration of blood vessels, macrophages, and fibroblasts embedded within a loose matrix of fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, and collagen. All of these factors are necessary to advance into the next phase.
Phase 4 – Remodeling phase:
Remodeling of wound tissue occurs over a prolonged time and may last up to 1 year. It is characterized by wound contraction and collagen remodeling.
Source:
Current concepts in the physiology of adult wound healing. (2015). Retrieved from https://parjournal.net/article/view/1211
